A multi-scale fingerboard (also called multiple scale length fretboard) is an instrument fretboard which incorporates multiple scale lengths. Guitars, including bass guitars, generally employ a single scale length for all the instrument's strings. The tuning of each string is determined by the thickness of the string and the tension applied by the machine head (tuner).
With all strings the same length, the lower strings (E1 on a typical 4-string bass guitar, and B0 on a 5-string bass) must be tuned with less tension than the higher strings, causing them to sometimes become "floppy" or "muddy". At the same time, the highest strings (G2 or C3 are tuned with much higher tension and thinner strings. For an optimal bass sound, neither of these cases are really desirable.
A multiscale bass has different scale lengths for each string, with the lowest strings being longest, so that they can be tuned with more tension, providing a cleaner low-end sound, while the higher strings have a shorter scale length so that they can be tuned with less tension.
Click here to read a brief history of multiscale instruments.
This site will generate the measurements and a graphical representation of a multiscale bass, with a wide range of options, including the body shape and color, scale lengths, etc.
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